Bi‐level planning of distributed energy resources into existing transmission grids: Pathway to sustainable energy systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper presents a novel stochastic planning framework for the integration of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs) into existing power systems without relying on new investments in transmission networks. The upper-level problem proposed model aims at minimizing total expected social cost supplying demand that includes getting from conventional generating units and DERs, congestion networks, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission cost, while each privately invested DER satisfies specified rate return. lower-level clears electricity market to find locational marginal prices (LMPs) operation status system. is formulated as bi-level optimization recast single-level using duality technique. non-linear terms are then linearized “bigM” method complementary slackness conditions. uncertainties production future electric loads captured scenario technique which copula employed considering correlation between uncertainties. Finally, effectiveness applicability validated 3-bus test system modified IEEE RTS 24-bus
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1751-8687', '1751-8695']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12647